Self Programming

May 29, 2015. Computers that learn in unsupervised ways and don't need to be told what to do in advance is the next phase of computer science, according to innovator and engineer Steve Wozniak. The Apple co-founder said at the World Business Forum in Sydney this week that this kind of artificial intelligence is.

Funny to read about people scratching their head over Self. I feel like once you've wrapped your head around the Squeak version of Smalltalk, your about 50% of the way towards understanding Self. It's not a language the way we think of it, with CLI tools and syntax and text editors. It is a mutable environment of programmable objects.

Sure there's some writing inside of objects to create methods, but you're not gonna find a 'try this in the browser' code. Self is/was 's grandfather. I would also argue that Self is to programming languages what Haiku is to OS development. No on is writing a web framework in self, it's more of a toy and a neat artifact of where programming has been and could go in the future. I've never heard of Self. So I wanted to find more about it. I had to click on several links to find some example of the language.

I found this.[1] In the graphical representation of the object, we can distinguish method slots from data slots, and constant slots from assignable slots, by the icon in the button at the right hand of the slot. Maybe I should go find a description of the language.[2] Self is an object-oriented programming language and associated programming environment. It is close in spirit and semantics to Smalltalk Oh! Now I get it. But that's only because I'm vaguely familiar with Smalltalk. (My intention of this comment is to save others some time trying to discover some basic facts about Self.) [1] - [2].

2017.1 / May 24, 2017; 6 months ago ( 2017-05-24), BSD-like license Website Major Self Influenced by Influenced,,,,,,,, Self is an based on the concept of. Self began as a dialect of, being and using (JIT) as well as the prototype-based approach to objects: it was first used as an experimental test system for language design in the 1980s and 1990s. In 2006, Self was still being developed as part of the Klein project, which was a Self virtual machine written fully in Self. The latest version is 2017.1 released in May 2017. Several just-in-time compilation techniques were pioneered and improved in Self research as they were required to allow a very high level object oriented language to perform at up to half the speed of optimized C.

Much of the development of Self took place at, and the techniques they developed were later deployed for 's. At one point a version of Smalltalk was implemented in Self. Because it was able to use the JIT, this also gave extremely good performance. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] Self was designed mostly by and Randall Smith in 1986 while working. Their objective was to push forward the state of the art in object-oriented programming language research, once was released by the labs and began to be taken seriously by the industry.

They moved to and continued work on the language, building the first working Self compiler in 1987. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian Full Movies. At that point, focus changed to attempting to bring up an entire system for Self, as opposed to just the language. The first public release was in 1990, and the next year the team moved to where they continued work on the language.

Several new releases followed until falling largely dormant in 1995 with the 4.0 version. The 4.3 version was released in 2006 and ran on and. A new release in 2010, version 4.4, has been developed by a group comprising some of the original team and independent programmers and is available for Mac OS X and, as are all following versions.

The follow-up 4.5 was released in January 2014, and three years later, version 2017.1 was released in May 2017. Self also inspired a number of languages based on its concepts. Most notable, perhaps, were for the and used in all modern browsers. Other examples include, and.

The 's distributed object system, developed in 1990, was, at the lowest level, a prototype based object system inspired by Self. Prototype-based programming languages [ ]. Main article: Traditional class-based OO languages are based on a deep-rooted duality: • define the basic qualities and behaviours of objects.

• are particular manifestations of a class. For example, suppose objects of the Vehicle class have a name and the ability to perform various actions, such as drive to work and deliver construction materials.

Bob's car is a particular object (instance) of the class Vehicle, with the name 'Bob's car'. In theory one can then send a message to Bob's car, telling it to deliver construction materials.

This example shows one of the problems with this approach: Bob's car, which happens to be a sports car, is not able to carry and deliver construction materials (in any meaningful sense), but this is a capability that Vehicles are modelled to have. A more useful model arises from the use of to create specializations of Vehicle; for example Sports Car and Flatbed Truck. Only objects of the class Flatbed Truck need provide a mechanism to deliver construction materials; sports cars, which are ill-suited to that sort of work, need only drive fast. However, this deeper model requires more insight during design, insight that may only come to light as problems arise. This issue is one of the motivating factors behind prototypes. Unless one can predict with certainty what qualities a set of objects and classes will have in the distant future, one cannot design a class hierarchy properly. All too often the program would eventually need added behaviours, and sections of the system would need to be re-designed (or ) to break out the objects in a different way.

[ ] Experience with early OO languages like showed that this sort of issue came up again and again. Systems would tend to grow to a point and then become very rigid, as the basic classes deep below the programmer's code grew to be simply 'wrong'. Without some way to easily change the original class, serious problems could arise.

[ ] Dynamic languages such as Smalltalk allowed for this sort of change via well-known methods in the classes; by changing the class, the objects based on it would change their behaviour. However, such changes had to be done very carefully, as other objects based on the same class might be expecting this 'wrong' behavior: 'wrong' is often dependent on the context. (This is one form of the.) Further, in languages like, where subclasses can be compiled separately from superclasses, a change to a superclass can actually break precompiled subclass methods. (This is another form of the fragile base class problem, and also one form of the.) In Self, and other prototype-based languages, the duality between classes and object instances is eliminated.

Instead of having an 'instance' of an object that is based on some 'class', in Self one makes a copy of an existing object, and changes it. So Bob's car would be created by making a copy of an existing 'Vehicle' object, and then adding the drive fast method, modelling the fact that it happens to be a. Basic objects that are used primarily to make copies are known as prototypes. This technique is claimed to greatly simplify dynamism.

If an existing object (or set of objects) proves to be an inadequate model, a programmer may simply create a modified object with the correct behavior, and use that instead. Code which uses the existing objects is not changed. Description [ ] Self objects are a collection of 'slots'.

Slots are accessor methods that return values, and placing a colon after the name of a slot sets the value. For example, for a slot called 'name'. MyPerson name: 'foo' sets it. Self, like Smalltalk, uses blocks for flow control and other duties. Methods are objects containing code in addition to slots (which they use for arguments and temporary values), and can be placed in a Self slot just like any other object: a number for example. The syntax remains the same in either case.

Warcraft Iii Frozen Throne Download Full Version here. Note that there is no distinction in Self between fields and methods: everything is a slot. Since accessing slots via messages forms the majority of the syntax in Self, many messages are sent to 'self', and the 'self' can be left off (hence the name). Basic syntax [ ] The syntax for accessing slots is similar to that of Smalltalk. Three kinds of messages are available: unary receiver slot_name binary receiver + argument keyword receiver keyword: arg1 With: arg2 All messages return results, so the receiver (if present) and arguments can be themselves the result of other messages. Following a message by a period means Self will discard the returned value. 'Hello, World!' This is the Self version of the program.

The ' syntax indicates a literal string object. Other literals include numbers, blocks and general objects. Grouping can be forced by using parentheses. In the absence of explicit grouping, the unary messages are considered to have the highest precedence followed by binary (grouping left to right) and the keywords having the lowest. The use of keywords for assignment would lead to some extra parenthesis where expressions also had keyword messages, so to avoid that Self requires that the first part of a keyword message selector start with a lowercase letter, and subsequent parts start with an uppercase letter. Main article: In theory, every Self object is a stand-alone entity. Self has neither classes nor meta-classes.

Changes to a particular object do not affect any other, but in some cases it is desirable if they did. Normally an object can understand only messages corresponding to its local slots, but by having one or more slots indicating parent objects, an object can delegate any message it does not understand itself to the parent object. Any slot can be made a parent pointer by adding an asterisk as a suffix. In this way Self handles duties that would use in class-based languages.

Delegation can also be used to implement features such as and. For example, suppose an object is defined called 'bank account', that is used in a simple bookkeeping application. Usually, this object would be created with the methods inside, perhaps 'deposit' and 'withdraw', and any data slots needed by them. This is a prototype, which is only special in the way it is used since it also happens to be a fully functional bank account. Traits [ ] Making a clone of this object for 'Bob's account' will create a new object which starts out exactly like the prototype. In this case we have copied the slots including the methods and any data.

However a more common solution is to first make a more simple object called a which contains the items that one would normally associate with a class. In this example the 'bank account' object would not have the deposit and withdraw method, but would have as a parent an object that did.

In this way many copies of the bank account object can be made, but we can still change the behaviour of them all by changing the slots in that root object. How is this any different from a traditional class? Well consider the meaning of.

MyObject parent: someOtherObject. This excerpt changes the 'class' of myObject at runtime by changing the value associated with the 'parent*' slot (the asterisk is part of the slot name, but not the corresponding messages).

Unlike with inheritance or lexical scoping, the delegate object can be modified at runtime. Adding slots [ ] Objects in Self can be modified to include additional slots. This can be done using the graphical programming environment, or with the primitive '_AddSlots:'.

A primitive has the same syntax as a normal keyword message, but its name starts with the underscore character. The _AddSlots primitive should be avoided because it is a left over from early implementations. However, we will show it in the example below because it makes the code shorter. An earlier example was about refactoring a simple class called Vehicle in order to be able to differentiate the behaviour between cars and trucks. In Self one would accomplish this with something like this. _ AddSlots: ( vehicle. _ AddSlots: ( porsche911.

Retrieved 24 May 2017. • Wolczko, Mario (1996). 'self includes: Smalltalk'. Workshop on Prototype-Based Languages, ECOOP ‘96, Linz, Austria. 16 July 2010.

Retrieved 24 May 2017. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2017. • Agesen, Ole (March 1997)..

Archived from on November 24, 2006. • [ ] Further reading [ ] • • Chambers, C. (1992), The Design and Implementation of the SELF Compiler, an Optimizing Compiler for Object-Oriented Programming Languages,, External links [ ].